Misinformation, Paradox, and Nudge: Combating Misinformation Through Nudging

The rapid spread of misinformation online can be attributed to bias in human decision-making, facilitated by algorithmic processes. The area of human-computer interaction has contributed a mechanism of such biases that can be addressed by the design of system interventions. For example, the principle of nudging refers to sophisticated modifications in the choice architecture that can change user behaviors in desired or directed ways. This chapter discusses the design of nudging interventions in the context of misinformation, including a systematic review of the use of nudging in human-AI interaction that has led to a design framework. By using algorithms that work invisibly, nudges can be maneuvered in misinformation to individuals, and their effectiveness can be traced and attuned as the algorithm improves from user feedback based on a user’s behavior. It seeks to explore the potential of nudging in decreasing the chances of consuming and spreading misinformation. The key is how to ensure that algorithmic nudges are used in an effective way and whether the nudge could also help to achieve a sustainable way of life. This chapter discusses the principles and dimensions of the nudging effects of AI systems on user behavior in response to misinformation.