This paper looks beyond the political context and focuses on potential methods and tools–by governments, civil society, and private businesses–for resisting disinformation operations and getting ahead of the threat by building democratic resilience. As such, it is a “menu of options,” many of which still need to be tested, rather than a strategy. The policy recommendations presented are also not the only possible solutions; there is more than one way to approach the problems; institutional solutions should develop organically; and we should remain exible and agile as we test new ideas.
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