Challenges and Needs in Algorithmic Literacy for Journalists: Uncovering the Reality of Portuguese Newsrooms

Recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have increased the interest in algorithmic systems. Despite extensive research on the influence of algorithms on communication, the intersection of algorithmic systems, literacy and journalism remains underexplored. This study addresses this gap by examining algorithmic literacy of Portuguese journalists. With a mixed-methods approach, including an online survey (n = 219) and three focus groups, we investigated the cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions of journalists’ experiences with algorithmic systems. Our findings reveal important variations in algorithmic literacy across these dimensions. Portuguese journalists struggle to distinguish AI from algorithms operations and lack foundational knowledge on algorithmic systems. Additionally, many journalists face challenges with practical applications, particularly with generative AI tools. Overall, journalists display dualistic attitudes towards algorithms: they recognize the productivity and quality enhancements offered by social media and generative AI tools but are concerned about bias and ethical implications. Results identify an urgent need for targeted educational and training initiatives to improve journalists’ algorithmic literacy in key areas: foundational knowledge, algorithmic awareness, technical skills, and ethical standards. Addressing these gaps is crucial for journalists to navigate the evolving AI-driven media landscape responsibly and ethically, thereby maintaining integrity, credibility, and societal relevance of journalism.